{"product_id":"eyewitness-to-genocide-the-operation-reinhard-death-camp-trials-1955-1966-paperback","title":"Eyewitness to Genocide: The Operation Reinhard Death Camp Trials, 1955-1966 - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eMichael Bryant\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinner of the Book of the Year Award from the American National Chapter of the Association Internationale de Droit Penal. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e One of the deadliest phases of the Holocaust, the Nazi regime's \"Operation Reinhard\" produced three major death camps--Belzec, Treblinka, and Sobibor--which claimed the lives of 1.8 million Jews. In the 1960s, a small measure of justice came for those victims when a score of defendants who had been officers and guards at the camps were convicted of war crimes in West German courts. The conviction rates varied, however. While all but one of fourteen Treblinka defendants were convicted, half of the twelve Sobibor defendants escaped punishment, and only one of eight Belzec defendants was convicted. Also, despite the enormity of the crimes, the sentences were light in many cases, amounting to only a few years in prison. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e In this meticulous history of the Operation Reinhard trials, Michael S. Bryant examines a disturbing question: Did compromised jurists engineer acquittals or lenient punishments for proven killers? Drawing on rarely studied archival sources, Bryant concludes that the trial judges acted in good faith within the bounds of West German law. The key to successful prosecutions was eyewitness testimony. At Belzec, the near-total efficiency of the Nazi death machine meant that only one survivor could be found to testify. At Treblinka and Sobibor, however, prisoner revolts had resulted in a number of survivors who could give firsthand accounts of specific atrocities and identify participants. The courts, Bryant finds, treated these witnesses with respect and even made allowances for conflicting testimony. And when handing down sentences, the judges acted in accordance with strict legal definitions of perpetration, complicity, and action under duress. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Yet, despite these findings, Bryant also shows that West German legal culture was hardly blameless during the postwar era. Though ready to convict the mostly working-class personnel of the death camps, the Federal Republic followed policies that insulated the judicial elite from accountability for its own role in the Final Solution. While trial records show that the \"bias\" of West German jurists was neither direct nor personal, the structure of the system ensured that lawyers and judges themselves avoided judgment. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Michael S. Bryant is professor of history and legal studies at Bryant University. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eConfronting the \"Good Death\" Nazi Euthanasia on Trial, 1945-1953\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eA World History of War Crimes\u003c\/i\u003e, and\u003ci\u003e Nazi Crimes and Their Punishment.\u003c\/i\u003e Bryant specializes in the impact of the Holocaust on the law, human rights, German criminal law, and international humanitiarian law.\u003ch3\u003eAuthor Biography\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eMichael S. Bryant is professor of history and legal studies at Bryant University. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eConfronting the \"Good Death\" Nazi Euthanasia on Trial, 1945-1953\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eA World History of War Crimes\u003c\/i\u003e, and\u003ci\u003e Nazi Crimes and Their Punishment.\u003c\/i\u003e Bryant specializes in the impact of the Holocaust on the law, human rights, German criminal law, and international humanitiarian law.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 326\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.8 x 9 x 6 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e August 26, 2016\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48073684189443,"sku":"9781621902621","price":55.02,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0588\/9310\/7359\/files\/L-N-nB-BbY9781621902621.webp?v=1778147951","url":"https:\/\/annizon.com\/en-ie\/products\/eyewitness-to-genocide-the-operation-reinhard-death-camp-trials-1955-1966-paperback","provider":"annizon.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}